The world of paint products is rich in colour and opportunities. These, however, go hand in hand with health risks for employees. Over the past few years, the list of risks involved in working with paint and coatings has become longer and longer.

What most people don’t know, however, is that even water-based paint can be damaging to your health. It may, for example, contain preservatives that can increase the risk of skin allergies, eczema and work-related asthma.

The risk inherent in paint products varies according to different factors:

• The nature of the work
• The application method (e.g. painting with a brush or spray gun)
• The working conditions (outdoors, indoors, in a ventilated area, in an enclosed space...)
• The toxicity of the substances
• The quantity of product that is absorbed by the body
• …

Risks for health and environment

Paint products can pose a risk in a range of ways. Some can damage the skin while others may affect the eyes or airways.

Organic solvents, for example, may affect the nervous system and cause symptoms such as tiredness, nervous disorders, concentration issues and more. Long term exposure to solvents can even lead to Psychoorganic Syndrome (POS), an irreversible disorder which includes symptoms such as depression, muscle weakness and sleep problems.

Many substances may also lead to hypersensitivity, whereby people who have had repeated contact with these substances may react with symptoms such as eczema or even general hypersensitivity, which renders working with this substance impossible.

The risks of spray painting and coating at a glance

We have compiled a summary of the most common risks of working with paint products.

• Inhalation of vapour and particles: When spray painting and coating, chemical substances and fine particles are often sprayed into the air. Inhaling these vapours and particles can lead to breathing problems and even severe health issues in the long term.
• Skin irritation and damage: Direct contact with paint and coating materials can lead to skin irritation and even chemical burns. This particularly applies to substances that contain solvents.
• Exposure to hazardous chemicals: Some paint and coating chemicals can be toxic and have a damaging effect on the nervous system, liver, kidneys, and other organs in the event of long term exposure.
• Fire and explosion risk: Many paint and coating materials are flammable. The use of these substances in combination with the presence of sources of ignition could lead to fire or explosions in the workplace. For example, the release of solvents with a low flame point.
• Environmental risks: The release of volatile organic substances (VOS) and other environmentally damaging substances into the air and water could cause damage to the environment and lead to legal problems for businesses.

Which product is linked to which risks?

Below is an overview of the most important paint groups and the corresponding risks:

How do you limit these risks?

To guarantee the safety of employees, it is important to identify all possible hazards and health risks in relation to painting and coating in the workplace. Here are a few important steps for ensuring safety:

• Risk assessment: Carry out a thorough risk assessment, where you take account of variables such as the type of paint, solvents, application methods and technical management measures.
• Ventilation: Ensure there is a good ventilation system in the workplace which prevents the spread of vapours and improves overall air quality. The use of air filters can also help to keep the air clean.
• Use of safe materials: Choose paint and coating materials with low VOS (Volatile Organic Substances) emission and which fulfil the safety standards. Read the product information and safety instructions carefully to minimise risks.
• Fire prevention: Keep sources of ignition such as open flames, sparks and hot surfaces out of the vicinity of paint and coating works. Ensure that fire-fighting equipment is accessible.
• Environmental management: Follow the appropriate rules and regulations in relation to environmental protection and waste processing in order to minimise environmental risks and take care of your surroundings.
• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Employees must wear the correct PPE, including respiratory masks, gloves, protective clothing and safety goggles, to protect themselves against vapours, particles and chemical exposure.
• Training and education: Make sure that employees are well-trained in safely working with paint and coating equipment and materials. It is crucial that they are aware of the hazards and the appropriate safety procedures.